How do you determine if a product is bio-based?
Release Time：
2023-06-19
Source：
Carbon-14 test is an international common method to distinguish biomass sources from petroleum fossil sources, according to American standard ASTM D6866, international standard ISO 16620, and European standard EN 16640, etc. The latest national standard "GB/T 39514-2020 Definition, Terminology and Labeling of Biobased Materials" also states that the test method for biobased carbon content is the carbon-14 method, which will be officially implemented from June 1, 2021. For architectural coatings, the newly released CSTM group standard "Bio-based Emulsion Interior Wall Coating" (T/CSTM 00447-2021) can be used as a reference for bio-based interior wall architectural coating products.
You may be impatient to know what exactly is carbon-14?In fact, carbon-14 originates from the upper atmosphere of the earth and is present in all living and recently dead materials. All plants, animals and humans contain the same amount of carbon-14 at the same time. Any material older than 50,000 years no longer contains carbon-14 due to the radioactive decay of carbon-14, so I believe we can now understand why fossil materials (such as oil, coal, dinosaur bones, etc.) that have been around for a long time do not contain any carbon-14.
How exactly does ASTM D6866 test for biobased content? Simply put - recent biomass materials (biobased components) contain carbon-14, petrochemical-derived materials (from petroleum) do not. Therefore, all carbon-14 products come from biobased components. For a product containing both biobased and petrochemical-derived components, the ASTM D6866 analysis will use the carbon-14 content to calculate how much of the product is from the biobased component and how much is from the petroleum-derived component. Thus by testing for carbon-14 it is possible to quantify the bio-based carbon content of the product. A higher carbon-14 content means a higher biobased content. If a product has a carbon-14 content of 100% biobased carbon, it means that 100% of the raw materials used to produce the product are biobased and no fossil raw materials are used.
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